Burnout syndrome is one of the forms of chronic occupation stress. There is no single view on the nature and structure of emotional burnout. Boyko's psychological construct of Emotional Burnout (EB) defines Syndrome as a mechanism of psychological defense in the form of complete or partial excluding of emotions in response to traumatic influences and includes three key stages: Anxiety Tension,...
Efficiently simulating large-scale spiking neuronal networks is crucial for advancing neuroscientific research, where both high simulation speed and minimal memory consumption during network instantiation are essential. NEST GPU [1,2], a high-performance GPU-MPI library developed within the NEST Initiative [3], showcases remarkable simulation speeds for various network sizes, leveraging the...
Astrocytes are a type of glial cell that play key roles in maintaining homeostasis of neuronal circuits, regulating neuronal activity, and modulating inflammation. Alzheimer's disease (AD), a common neurodegenerative disorder in the elderly, is characterized by amyloid beta plaques and tau tangles. The chronic inflammation observed in AD is mediated by glial cells including astrocytes, which...
INTRODUCTION.
The superficial white matter (SWM) is the layer of white matter (WM) located immediately underneath the cortex. This SWM contains subcortical U-fibers interconnecting adjacent brain gyri, which remain incompletely myelinated until later in life [1]. U-fibers play a key role in brain plasticity and aging, and alterations in these fibers have been observed in conditions such...
Computational modeling and dynamical systems theory enhance our understanding of epileptic seizure dynamics and potentially provide new intervention strategies. Models like the Virtual Epileptic Patient (VEP) aim to make patient-specific predictions about the epileptogenic zone and subsequently identify targets for epilepsy surgery. The VEP is based on individual neuroimaging data,...
Glucose stands as the primary fuel source driving the energy-demanding process of neuronal activity. Glucose metabolism can be explored in vivo in human by [18F]FDG-PET. DCM-based effective connectivity (EC) provides a linear mechanistic view of brain dynamics by conceiving it as a mixture of dissipative and solenoidal flow speaking to the concept of kinetic energy (Benozzo et al. 2023). This...
Aims. While human neuroscience has traditionally focused on the neocortex, recent literature highlights the key role of subcortical structures in brain dynamics and cognitive processes. We investigated cortico-subcortical interactions in the human brain at rest by analyzing dynamic functional connectivity at rest in a large cohort of healthy human
participants.
Methods. We considered 1078...
Background: Early traumatic experiences are associated with alterations in neural structures that increase risk factors for chronic psychopathology, including a 4- to 12-fold increase in the risk of developing psychiatric disorders (including symptoms of panic disorder (PD)) according to previous research. These early life adversities, such as early sexual trauma (EST), can have a lasting...
The BigBrain2 is a second BigBrain data set supplementing and building on our expertise of the first BigBrain [1]. It will provide first insights into inter-subject variability at whole-brain, cytoarchitectonic level. Overall, BigBrain2 offers better quality staining, favourable to regional segmentation and registration, and contains fewer artefacts through sectioning and staining. In order to...
Microglia and astrocytes are crucial glial cells in the central nervous system, with microglia primarily involved in regulating neuroinflammation and clearing cellular debris, while astrocytes support neuronal activity, modulate synaptic function, and help regulate the inflammatory response. In neurodegenerations, morphological and functional changes in microglia and astrocytes represent the...
Functional connectivity (FC) is used for investigating brain network organization. Given that the brain consumes 20% of the body’s glucose to support functions, understanding the relationship between glucose consumption and FC is essential for comprehending brain physiology (Raichle, 2006). Some studies have linked FC with the semiquantitative metabolic indices SUVR (Standardized Uptake...
Background: Several studies have demonstrated an association between neuroticism and alterations in cortical folding. However, few studies have investigated the relation between neuroticism and gyrification in patients with panic disorder (PD) and healthy individuals. This study examined the relation between neuroticism and cortical gyrification patterns and their relation with symptomatology...
The neocortex is composed of an extensive recurrent network in which distinct feedforward and feedback inputs from other brain regions are integrated to generate coherent percepts and execute voluntary actions 1. In recent decades, research has begun to shed light on how the cortex performs these functions and constructs the cortical hierarchy based on a principle of hierarchical distance 2. ...
Introduction
Mixed transcortical aphasia (MTA) represents an uncommon aphasic syndrome, characterized by severe deficits in both comprehension and production across oral and written linguistic modalities, in contrast with retention of repetition abilities, often manifesting as echolalia. In the present single case study, we report the case of a woman who presented with MTA symptoms after...
Gliomas alter white matter (WM) integrity[1] and grey matter (GM) functions[2] through intra-tumoral changes, invasion and expansion[3], affecting structural (SC) and functional (FC) connectivity. Nevertheless, many researchers investigated functional/structural/microstructural abnormalities within specific WM[4,5]-GM[6] regions, lacking an integrated overview[7,8].
This study aims to...
Background. Resilience reflects the ability of a complex system to sustain damage while still maintaining a proficient level of functioning. At the neural level, the brain's resilience to focal lesions or diffuse pathological processes develops as a function of favorable genetic predispositions and exposure to enriched environments.
Objective/Hypothesis. We tested if targeted,...
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common aging-related neurodegenerative memory disease, is characterized by amyloid beta plaques and tau tangles. Recently Sharpin mutations have been identified as Alzheimer's disease-related factors in Asian populations as a result of Genome-wide association studies (GWAS). SHARPIN is a component of the LUBAC complex which conjugates linear polyubiquitin...
